vestpsihoterapiiВестник психотерапииBulletin of psychotherapy0132-182X2782-652XNRCERM; EMERCOM of Russia10.25016/2782-652X-2025-0-95-85-95vestpsihoterapii-204Research ArticleДИСКУССИОННЫЙ КЛУБ. ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ. МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯDISCUSSION CLUB. PSYCHOTHERAPY. MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGYКогнитивные последствия травмы сексуального насилия над несовершеннолетними: обзор литературыCognitive Consequences of Child Sexual Abuse Trauma: a Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0009-0004-4860-1849ТрифоноваЯ. А.TrifonovaYa. A.

Трифонова Яра Александровна – аспирант каф. общей и прикладной психологии с курсами медико-­биологических дисциплин и педагогики

Санкт-­Петербург, ул. Литовская, д. 2

Yara Alexandrovna Trifonova – postgraduate student, Department of General and Applied Psychology

2, Litovskaya Str., St. Petersburg

yaratrif@gmail.comСанкт-­Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университетРоссияSt. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical UniversityRussian Federation2025171120250958595Copyright © NRCERM; EMERCOM of Russia, 20252025NRCERM; EMERCOM of RussiaNRCERM; EMERCOM of Russiahttps://vestpsihoterapii.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://vestpsihoterapii.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/204

Актуальность. Высокая распространенность сексуального насилия над несовершеннолетними и многообразие его краткосрочных и долгосрочных последствий давно известны в научных кругах, а когнитивно-­ ориентированные вмешательства при работе с пострадавшими получают все большее распространение в последние десятилетия. Несмотря на это, эмоциональные и поведенческие проблемы нередко выходят на первый план, оставляя когнитивные аспекты травмы «в тени» более ярких симптомов.Цель настоящей статьи – провести обзор исследований когнитивного компонента травмы в рамках парадигм нейрокогнитивного функционирования, когнитивного развития и когнитивных моделей в психологии и психотерапии для обобщения имеющихся данных.Материал и методы. Для поиска литературы по проблеме использовались электронные научные ресурсы: PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar и SpringerLink. Первоначальный поиск был ограничен источниками за последние 5 лет, однако для иллюстрации некоторых ключевых последствий, которые не всегда подробно освещаются в более поздних исследованиях, были включены отдельные исследовательские статьи предыдущих лет.Результаты и их анализ. Проведенный анализ показал, что пережитый опыт сексуального насилия может негативно сказываться на нейроразвитии, формировании психических процессов и особенностях обработки информации, а также оставлять след в представлениях и убеждениях пострадавших на разных этапах их жизни.Заключение. Дополнительные исследования могут предоставить возможности для более всесторонней оценки как отдельных последствий травмы, так и комплексной взаимосвязи между ее различными когнитивными аспектами.

Relevance. The high prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and the diversity of its shortand long-term consequences have long been recognized in academic discourse. In recent decades, cognitive-focused interventions for survivors have become increasingly widespread. Nevertheless, emotional and behavioral problems are often foregrounded, leaving the cognitive aspects of trauma overshadowed by more overt symptoms.Intention. To review the studies on the cognitive component of trauma within the paradigms of neurocognitive functioning, cognitive development, and cognitive models in psychology and psychotherapy to summarize the available evidence.Methodology. Literature was retrieved from electronic academic resourses: PubMed, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SpringerLink. The initial search was restricted to sources published in the past five years; however, selected earlier studies were included to illustrate certain key consequences that are not always covered in more recent research.Results and Discussion. The review indicates that the experience of sexual abuse can adversely affect neurodevelopment, the formation of mental processes, and patterns of information processing, as well as leave lasting imprints on survivors’ beliefs and representations across different stages of life.Conclusion. Further research may enable a more comprehensive assessment of both specific consequences of sexual trauma and the complex interrelationships among its various cognitive dimensions.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.