vestpsihoterapiiВестник психотерапииBulletin of psychotherapy0132-182X2782-652XNRCERM; EMERCOM of Russia10.25016/2782-652X-2025-0-93-16-33vestpsihoterapii-215Research ArticleПСИХИАТРИЯ И НАРКОЛОГИЯ. ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯPSYHIATRY AND NARCOLOGY. PSYCHOTHERAPYСовременные подходы к объективизации депрессивных расстройств у военнослужащих (обзор литературы)Modern Approaches to the Objectification of Depressive Disorders among Military Personnel (Literature Review)https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2607-1072ДангВ. Ч.DangV. Ch.

Данг Ван Чан – адъюнкт, каф. психиатрии, Воен.-мед. акад. им. С.М. Кирова; врач-психиатр, Военный госпиталь № 175

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 6

Социалистическая Республика Вьетнам, г. Хошимин, р. Го Вап, ул. Нгуен Кьем, д.786

Dang Van Chan – PhD Student, Department Psychiatry, Kirov Military Medical Academy; Psychiatrist, Military hospital 175

6, Academica Lebedeva Str., St. Petersburg, 194044

786, Nguyen Kiem Str, Go Vap Dist., Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam

vanchandang@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-5946МарченкоА. А.MarchenkoA. A.

Марченко Андрей Александрович – д-р мед. наук, проф., каф. психиатрии

194044, Санкт- Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 6

Andrey Aleksandrovich Marchenko – Dr. Med. Sci., Prof., Department Psychiatry

6, Academica Lebedeva Str., St. Petersburg, 194044

andrew.marchenko@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9082-107XЛобачевА. В.LobachevA. V.

Лобачев Александр Васильевич – д-р мед. наук, доц., каф. психиатрии

194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 6

Alexander Vasilievich Lobachev – Dr. Med. Sci., Associate Prof., Department Psychiatry

6, Academica Lebedeva Str., St. Petersburg, 194044

doctor.lobachev@gmail.comВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова; Военный госпиталь № 175РоссияKirov Military Medical Academy; Military Hospital 175Russian FederationВоенно-медицинская академия им. С.М. КироваРоссияKirov Military Medical AcademyRussian Federation2025181120250931633Copyright © NRCERM; EMERCOM of Russia, 20252025NRCERM; EMERCOM of RussiaNRCERM; EMERCOM of Russiahttps://vestpsihoterapii.elpub.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://vestpsihoterapii.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/215Введение

Введение. Группа расстройств депрессивного спектра (РДС) занимает лидирующее положение в структуре психических заболеваний военнослужащих многих стран. Однако до сих пор не существует четких и однозначных критериев диагностики депрессивного расстройства. Основным методом диагностики депрессивных расстройств является клинико психопатологический метод, субъективность которого нередко результирует в диагностические ошибки, что обосновывает необходимость поиска объективных маркеров РДС.

Цель – на основе анализа научных работ, посвященных проблемам диагностики депрессивных расстройств, с использованием поисковых систем, определить перспективные направления для объективизации данной патологии и разработки методик, целесообразных для использования в рамках медико-психологического сопровождения на различных этапах военной службы.

Материал и методы

Материал и методы. Проведен анализ более 50 научных работ, содержащих научно обоснованные данные о диагностике депрессивных расстройств. Поиск проводился с использованием поисковых систем, таких как PubMed и eLIBRARY, по ключевым словам.

Результаты и их анализ

Результаты и их анализ. Генетические факторы играют важную роль в развитии депрессивных расстройств, но формирование депрессивных состояний обусловлено комплексом генетических факторов. Нейровизуализационные и биохимические маркеры, наряду с высокой стоимостью, характеризуются тем недостатком, что позволяют выявить преимущественно групповые различия. Психофизиологические корреляты позволяют только косвенно оценить особенности функционирования центральной нервной системы, а информационные технологии и искусственный интеллект не могут полноценно заменить традиционные методы клинико-патологической диагностики. В то же время проект RDoC представляет собой новый подход к объективизации психических расстройств. RDoC изучает психические расстройства на разных уровнях, что позволяет проводить более точную диагностику и определять цели терапии.

Заключение

Заключение. Использование высокотехнологичных методов диагностики за счет указанных выше недостатков мало целесообразно для массовых обследований в условиях военной службы. Наиболее перспективным подходом к объективизации РДС является использование нейропсихологических тестов.

Introduction

Introduction. Depressive spectrum disorders (DSD) occupies a leading position in the structure of mental disorders among military personnel of many countries. However, there are still no clear and unambiguous criteria for diagnosing depressive disorder. The primary method for diagnosing depressive disorders is the clinical-psychopathological approach, whose subjectivity oſten leads to diagnostic errors, justifying the need to search for objective markers of DSD.

Objective

Objective. Based on the analysis of scientific studies dedicated to the challenges of diagnosing depressive disorders, this study aims to identify promising directions for the objectification of this pathology and the development of diagnostic methodologies suitable for use in medicalpsychological support at various stages of military service.

Methodology

Methodology. an analysis of more than 50 scientific papers containing scientifically substantiated data on the diagnosis of depressive disorders was conducted. The search was carried out using search engines such as PubMed and eLIBRARY, by keywords.

Results and analysis

Results and analysis. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of depressive disorders, but the formation of the last is due to a complex of genetic factors. Neuroimaging and biochemical markers, despite their high cost, mainly allow for the identification of group-level differences rather than individual diagnoses. Psychophysiological correlates allow to assess the cerebral basis of DSD only indirectly. Information technology and artificial intelligence cannot fully replace traditional methods of clinical and pathological diagnostics. At the same time, the RDoC project is a new approach to the objectification of mental disorders. RDoC studies mental disorders at different levels, which allows for more accurate diagnostics and determining therapy goals, and among included in RDoC methods the most promising is behavioral or neurocognitive tasks.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The use of high-tech diagnostic methods due to the above disadvantages is of little use for mass examinations in military service. The most promising approach to the objectification of RDS is the use of neuropsychological tests.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.