Global trend of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: an epidemiological review

Relevance. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a global public health concern. In recent years, researchers have documented an increasing prevalence of self-injurious behavior among adolescents. Analysis shows that the problem of NSSI is closely related to socioeconomic status, psychological environment, and other factors that influence the adolescent population.
Objective. To examine the main etiological aspects of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior among adolescents; to identify gender and age differences, patterns in the choice of self-injury methods, and the impact of environmental factors on the formation of NSSI; and to conduct a narrative review of the scientific literature on the epidemiology of NSSI.
Method. The article presents a review of domestic and international literature on the epidemiology of NSSI. Russian and foreign articles were selected for analysis. Scientific literature was searched using relevant keywords.
Results. NSSI is most commonly observed among adolescents, with the average age of onset ranging from 12 to 18 years. There is no exact data on the prevalence of NSSI, but it may reach up to 46 %. The frequency varies depending on the region, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors.
Conclusion. Numerous studies indicate that NSSI is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, with its frequency varying across regions, socioeconomic conditions, and cultural contexts. A critical factor is gender: while findings on prevalence differences remain inconsistent, clear distinctions exist in the methods of self-injury employed. Age also plays a significant role, with a higher incidence typically observed during the transitional period of 12 to 18 years. This underscores the necessity of timely professional support and intervention during this critical developmental stage. Further research into the etiological and epidemiological aspects of adolescent NSSI is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing its prevalence and promoting youth mental health.

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