About psychological rehabilitation for people living with HIV

   Relevance. HIV infection is a disabling disease. People living with HIV (PLH) with the help of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) can significantly prolong their lives and improve biological health indicators. However, the lack of special rehabilitation interventions for PLH in combination with increasing comorbidity, including neurocognitive disorders, can lead to progression of pathology and decrease in quality of life.

   The objective of the analytical review is to study the prospects and approaches applicable for the psychological rehabilitation of PLH.

   Materials and methods. We used meta-analysis as the main method. In search databases eLIBRARY.RU, PubMed, APA PsycARTICLES the studies on the psychological rehabilitation of patients with HIV infection were searched and described during the period of developed and available ART from 2012 to 2023. Additionally while conducting the analysis we also relied on our long-term practical experience in psychological interventions and psychological help for PLH.

   Results. In total we analyzed 51 studies, of which 19 were written by domestic authors and 32 by foreign ones. In Russian peer-reviewed scientific publications and monographs which present works in the field of infectology, medical psychology, and health psychology, the topic we study is extremely rare and mostly at the theoretical level. In that regard most of our analysis concerns foreign studies carried out in different countries within the topic of psychological rehabilitation of HIV-infected people.

   Conclusions. Psychological rehabilitation of patients with HIV infection should be carried out taking into account the awareness of the psychologist and the patient about the progression of HIV infection, treatment, cognitive impairments, HIV-associated diseases, resilience, etc. Patients living with HIV infection should be reccomended regular (not less than once every three years) psychodiagnostic assessment of cognitive functions, emotional functioning, and, behaviour, and should be differentially offered participation in psychological rehabilitation interventions. When preparing rehabilitation psychologists to work in the system of care for patients with HIV infection, it is important to teach not only psychodiagnostics, but also counseling and group interventions (including resilience training and cognitive training) that increase patients’ adaptation to a changed life situation.

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