Modern Approaches to the Objectification of Depressive Disorders among Military Personnel (Literature Review)

Introduction. Depressive spectrum disorders (DSD) occupies a leading position in the structure of mental disorders among military personnel of many countries. However, there are still no clear and unambiguous criteria for diagnosing depressive disorder. The primary method for diagnosing depressive disorders is the clinical-psychopathological approach, whose subjectivity oſten leads to diagnostic errors, justifying the need to search for objective markers of DSD.

Objective. Based on the analysis of scientific studies dedicated to the challenges of diagnosing depressive disorders, this study aims to identify promising directions for the objectification of this pathology and the development of diagnostic methodologies suitable for use in medicalpsychological support at various stages of military service.

Methodology. an analysis of more than 50 scientific papers containing scientifically substantiated data on the diagnosis of depressive disorders was conducted. The search was carried out using search engines such as PubMed and eLIBRARY, by keywords.

Results and analysis. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of depressive disorders, but the formation of the last is due to a complex of genetic factors. Neuroimaging and biochemical markers, despite their high cost, mainly allow for the identification of group-level differences rather than individual diagnoses. Psychophysiological correlates allow to assess the cerebral basis of DSD only indirectly. Information technology and artificial intelligence cannot fully replace traditional methods of clinical and pathological diagnostics. At the same time, the RDoC project is a new approach to the objectification of mental disorders. RDoC studies mental disorders at different levels, which allows for more accurate diagnostics and determining therapy goals, and among included in RDoC methods the most promising is behavioral or neurocognitive tasks.

Conclusion. The use of high-tech diagnostic methods due to the above disadvantages is of little use for mass examinations in military service. The most promising approach to the objectification of RDS is the use of neuropsychological tests.

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