Preview

Bulletin of psychotherapy

Advanced search

Risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders

https://doi.org/10.25016/2782-652X-2023-0-85-92-102

Abstract

Relevance. The article studies risk factors of anxiety disorders. The relevance and significance of the research topic is justified by the need to preserve the knowledge accumulated within the outgoing clinical and psychological paradigm (with regard to the transition to ICD-11), generalize and systemize earlier obtained results, as well as supplement them with trends that manifest themselves in the transition to an updated understanding of borderline personality disorders.

The objective of the article is to clarify the totality (groups) of risk factors for anxiety disorders related and unrelated to social events on a global scale. The novelty of the study is an attempt to identify risk factors for the formation of anxiety disorders in connection with such social events as the COVID-19 pandemic and the geopolitical conflict caused by the beginning of the military special operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine.

Methods. General scientific (dialectical, analysis and synthesis, comparison and analogy, annotation, annotation and abstraction), special (systematic, comparative analysis, etc.), research (analysis of Russian and foreign literature on the problem of research, results of empirical research, social surveys, etc.) are among the priority research methods.

Results and discussion. As a result of our research, the author arrived at the following conclusions: firstly, the risk groups for the development of anxiety disorders, caused by social events of global scale or without direct motivation, include intrasocial, extrasocial, economic, and political reasons; secondly, the risk groups for the development of directly dominant anxiety disorders associated with global social events include epidemiological and geopolitical impacts; thirdly, all these events shift the emphasis towards specific components of the enlisted groups, thus forming a situationrelated set of risk factors impregnated with the development of such anxiety disorders, that most evidently produce various types of borderline personality disorders and antisocial behavior in the social micro and macro scale.

Conclusion. The study eventually allowed to identify the risk groups for the formation of anxiety disorders, including borderline personality disorders.

About the Author

A. V. Savchenkov
Association of Psychoanalysts and Hypnologists “Psychodynamic School of Clinical Hypnosis”
Russian Federation

Alexander Vitalievich Savchenkov — President

94, Kirova Str., Chelyabinsk, 454091 



References

1. Aronov P.V., Bel’skaya G.N., Nikiforov I.A. Sovremennye podkhody k diagnostike i lecheniyu trevozhnykh rasstroistv, assotsiirovannykh s novoi koronavirusnoi infektsiei [Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders associated with a new coronavirus infection] Meditsinskii sovet [Medical council]. 2021; (10):66–79. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2021-10-66-79. (In Russ).

2. Arkhipova A.S., Radchenko D.A., Kozlova I.V. [et al.]. Puti rossiiskoi infodemii: ot WhatsApp do Sledstvennogo komiteta [Specifics of infodemic in Russia: from whatsapp to the investigative committe] Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny [Monitoring of public opinion: economic and social changes]. 2020; (6):231–265. DOI: 10.14515/monitoring.2020.6.1778. (In Russ).

3. Barinov D.N. Sotsial’noe nastroenie trevogi i strakha: sushchnost’, struktura, osobennosti funktsionirovaniya [State of social anxiety and fear: essence, structure, and peculiarities of functioning]. Sotsiodinamika [Sociodynamics]. 2019; (7):39–53. DOI: 10.25136/2409-7144.2019.7.30136. (In Russ).

4. Bobrov A.E., Usatenko E.V. Kontseptsiya trevozhnykh rasstroistv: osnovnye tendentsii razvitiya [The concept of anxiety disorders: main development trends]. Sotsial’naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya [Social and Clinical Psychiatry]. 2021; (4):62–70. (In Russ).

5. Kas’yanov V.V., Vlasova V.N., Gafiatulina N.Kh. Pandemiya kak sotsial’naya tragediya dlya rossiiskogo naseleniya: obostrenie sistemy neravenstv [Pandemy as a social tragedy for the russian population: excerning the system of inequalities]. Gumanitarnye, sotsial’no-ekonomicheskie i obshchestvennye nauki [Humanities, social-economic and social sciences]. 2021; (1):34–38. DOI: 10.23672/f8418-0715-7640-b. (In Russ).

6. Korabel’nikova E.A. Trevozhnye rasstroistva v usloviyakh pandemii COVID-19 [Anxiety disorders in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic]. Meditsinskii vestnik Severnogo Kavkaza [Medical news of north caucasus]. 2021; (1):79–85. DOI: 10.14300/mnnc.2021.16022. (In Russ).

7. Malmygin A.S. Sotsial’noe sobytie kak makrosotsial’nyi fenomen i faktor transformatsionnogo razvitiya obshchestva [Social event as the makrosocial phenomenon and factor of transformational development of the society]. Sotsiologicheskii al’manakh [Sociological almanac]. 2018; (9):123–131.

8. Na fone pandemii COVID-19 vo vsem mire rasprostranennost’ trevozhnykh rasstroistv i depressii vyrosla na 25 % [Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, global prevalence of anxiety disorders and depression has increased by 25%]. World Health Organization. ULR: https://www.who.int/ru/. (In Russ).

9. Psikhicheskie rasstroistva [Mental disorders]. World Health Organization. ULR: https://www.who.int/ru/. (In Russ).

10. Psikhosomaticheskie rasstroistva v klinicheskoi praktike [Psychosomatic disorders in clinical practice]. Ed. A.B. Smulevich. Moscow. 2019. 774 c. (In Russ).

11. Rozenova M.I., Ekimova V.I., Ognev A.S., Likhacheva E.V. Strakh kak krizis psikhicheskogo zdorov’ya v usloviyakh global’nykh riskov i peremen [Fear as a mental health crisis in the context of global risks and changes]. Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya psikhologiya [Journal of modern foreign psychology]. 2021; 10(1):17–26. DOI: 10.17759/JMFP.2021100102. (In Russ).

12. Rossiya na novom perelome: strakhi i trevogi [Russia at a new turning point: fears and anxieties]. M.K. Gorshkov [et al.]. Eds.; M.K. Gorshkov, V.V. Petukhov. Moscow. 2009. 158 p. (In Russ).

13. Sedova N.N. Massovye trevogi i lichnye strakhi [Mass anxieties and personal fears]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsial’nye peremeny [Monitoring of public opinion: economic and social changes]. 2010; (1):133–135. (In Russ).

14. 14. Khaustova E.A., Bezsheiko V.G. Sovremennye predstavleniya o diagnostike i terapii trevozhnykh rasstroistv [Present-day ideas of diagnosis and therapy of anxiety disorders]. Mezhdunarodnyi nevrologicheskii zhurnal [International neurological journal]. 2012; (2):52–60. (In Russ).

15. Hjelle L.A., Zinger D. Teorii lichnosti. Osnovnye polozheniya, issledovaniya i primenenie [Personality theories. Fundamentals, research and application]. 3rd ed. St. Petersburg. 2022. 606 p. (In Russ).

16. Chernenko A.M., Agarkov V.A., Bronfman S.A. Analiz poiskovykh zaprosov kak instrument sravnitel’noi otsenki potrebnosti v psikhoterapevticheskoi pomoshchi [Analysis of search queries as a tool for comparative assessment of the need for psychotherapeutic help] Psikhologiya i psikhotekhnika [Psychology and Psychotechnics]. 2022; (1):67–79. DOI: 10.7256/2454-0722.2022.1.34873. (In Russ).

17. Ajao E. AI and disinformation in the Russia-Ukraine war // TechTarget. ULR: https://www.techtarget.com/.

18. Andrews G., Hobbs M.J., Borkovec Th.D. [et al.]. Generalized worry disorder: A Review of DSM-IV Generalized anxiety disorder and options for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety. 2010; 27(2):134–147. DOI: 10.1002/da.20658.

19. Berrige C.W. Noradrenergic modulation of arousal. Brain Res. Rev. 2008; 58(1):1–17. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.10.013.

20. Berry A.S., White R.L., Furman D.J. [et al.]. Dopaminergic mechanisms underlying normal variation in trait anxiety // J. Neurosci. 2019; 39(14):2735–2744. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2382-18.2019.

21. Caycho-Rodríguez T., Tomás J.M., Vilca L.W. [et al.]. Socio-Demographic Variables, Fear of COVID-19, Anxiety, and Depression: Prevalence, Relationships and Explanatory Model in the General Population of Seven Latin American Countries. Front Psychol. 2021; 12:695989. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.695989.

22. Charlson F., van Ommeren M., Flaxman A. [et al.]. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019; 394(10194):240–248. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30934-1.

23. Dong L., Bouey J. Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2020; 26(7):1616–1618. DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.200407.

24. Dowbiggin I.R. High anxieties: the social construction of anxiety disorders. Can. J. Psychiatry. 2009; 54(7):429–436. DOI: 10.1177/070674370905400703.

25. Fitzpatrick K.M., Drawve G., Harris C. Facing new fears during the COVID-19 pandemic: The State of America’s mental health. J. Anxiety Disord. 2020; 75:102291. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102291.

26. Folayan M.O., Ibigbami O., Brown B. [et al.]. Factors Associated with Experiences of Fear, Anxiety, Depression, and Changes in Sleep Pattern During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front. Public. Health. 2022; 10:P. 779498. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.779498.

27. Ganie A.U.R., Mukhter I. Misinformation induced anxieties and fear affecting vaccination programs: Challenge for COVID-19 vaccination program. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 2022; 11(1):405–406. DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1520_21.

28. Gerez M., Suárez E., Castanedo L., Tello A. The crossroads of anxiety: distinct neurophysiological maps for different symptomatic groups. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 2016; 12:159–175. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S89651.

29. Guerra O., Eboreime E. The Impact of Economic Recessions on Depression, Anxiety, and Trauma-Related Disorders and Illness Outcomes-A Scoping Review. Behav. Sci. (Basel). 2021; 11(9):119. DOI: 10.3390/bs11090119.

30. Inflation, war push stress to alarming levels at two-year COVID-19 anniversary // APA. 10.03.2022. ULR: https://www.apa.org/.

31. Jeronimus B.F. Anxiety and Depression from a Dynamic Systems Perspective. Psychosocial Development in Adolescence: Insights from the Dynamic Systems Approach. Eds.: Kunnen E.S., de Ruiter N.M.P., Jeronimus B.F., van der Gaag, M.A.. London: Routledge Psychology, 2019. Chapter 7. 32 p. DOI: 10.4324/9781315165844-7.

32. Kelland K. U.N. warns of global mental health crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic // Reuters. 14.05.2020. ULR: https://www.reuters.com/.

33. Ko C.A., Chang Y. Investigating the Relationships Among Resilience, Social Anxiety, and Procrastination in a Sample of College Students. Psychol. Rep. 2019; 122(1): 231–245. DOI: 10.1177/0033294118755111.

34. Lei L., Huang X., Yang J. [et al.]. Comparison of prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among people a-ected by versus people unaected by quarantine during the covid-19 epidemic in southwestern China. Med. Sci. Monit. 2020; 26: e924609. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.924609.

35. Mazza C., Ricci E., Biondi S. [et al.]. A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID19 pandemic: immediate psychological responses and associated factors. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. Actions. 2020; 17(9)3165. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093165.

36. Mertens G., Gerritsen L., Duijndam S. [et al.]. Fear of the coronavirus (COVID-19): Predictors in an online study conducted in March 2020. J. Anxiety Disord. 2020; 74:102258. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102258.

37. Olagoke A.A., Olagoke O.O., Hughes A.M. Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: the role of risk perceptions and depression. British Journal of Health Psychology. 2020; 25(4):865–874. DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12427.

38. Pratt J. Fear and Anxiety in the Risk Society. Law, Insecurity and Risk Control. 2020. P. 133–178. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48872-7.

39. Rebughini P. A sociology of anxiety: Western modern legacy and the Covid-19 outbreak. International Sociology. 2021; 36:554–568. DOI: 10.1177/0268580921993325.

40. Shattuck N.L., Brown S.A. Wounded in action: what the sleep community can learn from sleep disorders of US military service members. Sleep. 2013; 36(2):159–160. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.2356.

41. Spoorthy M.S., Pratapa S.K., Mahant S. Mental health problems faced by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 pandemic-A review. Asian J. Psychiatr. 2020; 51:102119. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102119.

42. Stress in America. Money, inflation, war pile on to nation stuck in COVID-19 survival mode (March, 2022) // APA. ULR: https://www.apa.org/.

43. Struijs S.Y., de Jong P.J., Jeronimus B.F. [et al.]. Psychological risk factors and the course of depression and anxiety disorders: A review of 15 years NESDA research. J. Affect Disord. 2021; 295:1347–1359. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.086.

44. Wang C., Pan R., Wan X. [et al.]. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 2020; 17(5):1729. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051729.

45. Xiong J., Lipsitz O., Nasri F. [et al.]. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 2020; 277:55–64. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001.

46. Yang X., Fang Y., Chen H. [et al.]. Global, regional and national burden of anxiety disorders from 1990 to 2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 // Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 2021; 30:e36. DOI: 10.1017/S2045796021000275.


Review

For citations:


Savchenkov A.V. Risk factors for the development of anxiety disorders. Bulletin of psychotherapy. 2022;(85):92-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25016/2782-652X-2023-0-85-92-102

Views: 122


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.


ISSN 0132-182X (Print)
ISSN 2782-652X (Online)