Methodological aspects and promising areas of research of the psychological characteristics of patients with coronary heart disease

Relevance. Psychological aspects of coronary heart disease (CHD) are the subject of increased research interest. However, available scientific data are ambiguous. From a practical point of view, especially important are studies not only identifing targets of psychological intervention but also creating meaningful recommendations for the therapeutic work with patients and determining the most effective methods of intervention. To optimize psychological studies, several aspects should be considered: 1) promising areas in accordance with the current objectives of studies; 2) the current problems of studies on the psychological characteristics of patients, taking into account the organization and methodological basis.

Intention of the study is to identify promising areas of research on psychological characteristics of patients with CHD. The analysis of scientific literature was carried out, taking into account the methodological and organizational aspects of psychological studies conducted with cardiological patients.

Results and Discussion. This article provides information on the methodological principles and methods of psychological research. It was noted that studies of anxiety/depression in patients with CHD are numerous but still remain relevant because of negative impact of these disorders on prognosis, quality of life, and treatment adherence. Cognitive disorders also should be studied, given the prevalence of neurocognitive deficit in patients after coronary bypass surgery. Adaptation processes and personality characteristics of patients are also promising areas of research. Data on the personal characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease are ambiguous. When analyzing the issues of psychological studies conducted with cardiological patients, one should take into account such an organizational aspect as short periods of inpatient treatment. The organization of psychological diagnostics and intervention in a hospital should be optimized. The diagnostic procedure of personality traits can be carried out, for example, through a structured interview or brief tests. When examining patients, a psychologist needs to focus on modeling an integral structural and functional organization of mental status. The results of psychological diagnostics are important for development of psychological intervention. One of the most significant characteristics of clinical and psychological intervention is the study of its effectiveness. Many scientific studies are exploring either the emotional states of СHD patients in the context of psychopharmacotherapy or the psychological characteristics to identify intervention targets. Particularly important and promising are the psychological studies of the effectiveness of specific intervention methods for patients with СHD. Psychological screening of patients with CHD is often carried out during hospitalization. However, obtaining information about the patient’s condition after discharge is also significant. It is important to find a scientifically sound solution to the problem of the organization of such studies (screening can be carried out during outpatient visits to a doctor or a psychologist, or remotely).

Conclusion. Promising areas of study of the psychological characteristics of patients with CHD are the study of anxiety/depression, cognitive functions, the process of adaptation to the disease, personality traits; also, a promising area is the study of the effectiveness of psychological intervention methods. In a hospital, it is important to optimize the process of psychological diagnostics, taking into account the short period of treatment. A likely solution may be a) a reduction of psychodiagnostic procedures in favor of psychological intervention; b) the use of compact methods to identify characteristics important for intervention. If necessary, the diagnostics of personal characteristics in a limited time is possible with a structured interview and brief questionnaires. It is crucially important to consider the significance of psychological screening of patients after discharge. It is necessary to find a scientifically based solution: to conduct a screening during an outpatient appointment with a cardiologist and a psychologist, or remotely, using digital technologies.

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