Quality of Life in Patients with Controlled and Uncontrolled Bronchial Asthma

Relevance. Bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. Along with the clinical manifestations that have an influence on physical well-being, asthma also has a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life, thereby necessitating a comprehensive approach to its assessment and treatment. The issue of asthma control, particularly in the post-Soviet states, remains insufficiently studied. Investigating the relationship between disease control and the quality of life of patients is necessary to improve clinical practice and develop individualized therapeutic approaches. Intention. To conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of life in patients with controlled and uncontrolled bronchial asthma, as well as to identify the most informative psychodiagnostic indicators for assessing the risk of uncontrolled asthma.
Methodology. The study was conducted in medical institutions in Yerevan from 2022 to 2024. Sixty patients were included in the study, divided into two groups: those with controlled asthma and those with uncontrolled asthma. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 and Mini AQLQ questionnaires, which enabled a comprehensive evaluation of the disease’s impact on patients’ physical, social, and emotional well-being. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and binary logistic regression analysis.
Results and Analysis. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of life of patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma. Patients with controlled asthma demonstrated higher scores across all domains of quality of life, including physical functioning, role functioning, emotional well-being, and social interaction. These findings are consistent with prior research emphasizing the importance of asthma control in improving patient quality of life. The analysis showed that improvement in physical condition was associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled asthma, while improvement in general health was associated with an increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma.
Conclusion.The obtained results emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the treatment of bronchial asthma, which includes not only pharmacological intervention but also consideration of patients’ psycho-emotional state. The implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies aimed at improving quality of life can significantly enhance treatment effectiveness and prevent the deterioration of patients’ condition. Further research into the relationship between disease control and the psychological aspects of life in patients with bronchial asthma is recommended to optimize clinical practice.

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