Relevance. Traumatic amputations significantly reduce patients’ quality of life, lead to disability and can cause depression [12]. In 40 % - 85 % of cases, amputation is accompanied by phantom pain syndrome [1]. A review of the literature shows that psychological methods are currently insufficiently studied and underrepresented in the comprehensive treatment of phantom pain syndrome. However, various sources indicate that psychological factors play a crucial role in the development of this condition in patients.
Intention. To develop a recommendation for psychological prevention of phantom pain syndrome.
Research objectives: 1. To evaluate the level of phantom limb pain severity in patients after limb amputation; 2. To study the peculiarities of psycho-emotional state of patients with phantom pain syndrome after limb amputation; 3. To carry out psychocorrection activities, dividing the sample of patients into three groups depending on the method: mirror therapy, neuromuscular relaxation, aromatherapy; 4. To carry out a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of psychological correction methods in three groups of patients.
Object of the study. Soldiers participants of special military operation with phantom pain syndrome after traumatic amputation.
Results. The obtained data indicate that all types of proposed psychocorrective measures (mirror therapy, neuromuscular relaxation and aromatherapy) significantly reduce the level of phantom pain syndrome severity. Also in the group of patients positively responding to aromatherapy were found significantly more pronounced features of hysterical and neurasthenic disorders, as well as a higher level of internal tension and anxiety. Based on the results obtained, recommendations for psychocorrective measures were described.

The intention is to evaluate the dynamics of medical and statistical indicators of morbidity for neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders in conscripted military personnel in the Navy and Ground Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, in order to optimize psycho-prophylactic measures.
Methodology. Due to changes in accounting forms 3/MED since 2017, medical and statistical indicators of morbidity for neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders in Chapter V of diseases, “Mental and behavioral disorders” according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), were studied in conscripted military personnel in the Navy and Ground Forces of the Ministry of Defense of Russia over a 5-year period (2017–2021). Morbidity rates were calculated per 10,000 military personnel (10–4), and average long-term and average annual indicators (M ± m) were determined, the development of which was assessed using the analysis of dynamic series and the calculation of a second-order polynomial trend.
Results and analysis. The average annual incidence of neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders among conscripted military personnel in the Navy was statistically significantly higher than in the Ground Forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense in terms of primary morbidity, hospitalization, days of work loss, and discharge. The dynamics of information on the analyzed types of morbidity in the Navy showed a U-curve, in the Ground Forces – a decrease in indicators. Among other factors affecting the epidemiological indicators of mental disorders in conscripted military personnel, the health of the conscription contingent and the availability of psychiatric care for military personnel may be significant. We believe that the detection rate of mental disorders among conscripted military personnel in the Navy was better than in the Ground Forces of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
Conclusion. In the prevention of psychogenic disorders in conscripted military personnel of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, an important role is played by increasing the “barrier” functions of the military draft boards of military commissariats, as well as the distribution of the conscript pool to military occupational specialties based on individual psychological qualities and stress resistance in the initial period of training in the troops.

Relevance. Bronchial asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, posing a significant public health concern. Along with the clinical manifestations that have an influence on physical well-being, asthma also has a substantial impact on patients’ quality of life, thereby necessitating a comprehensive approach to its assessment and treatment. The issue of asthma control, particularly in the post-Soviet states, remains insufficiently studied. Investigating the relationship between disease control and the quality of life of patients is necessary to improve clinical practice and develop individualized therapeutic approaches. Intention. To conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of life in patients with controlled and uncontrolled bronchial asthma, as well as to identify the most informative psychodiagnostic indicators for assessing the risk of uncontrolled asthma.
Methodology. The study was conducted in medical institutions in Yerevan from 2022 to 2024. Sixty patients were included in the study, divided into two groups: those with controlled asthma and those with uncontrolled asthma. Quality of life was assessed using the SF-36 and Mini AQLQ questionnaires, which enabled a comprehensive evaluation of the disease’s impact on patients’ physical, social, and emotional well-being. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and binary logistic regression analysis.
Results and Analysis. The study revealed statistically significant differences in the quality of life of patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma. Patients with controlled asthma demonstrated higher scores across all domains of quality of life, including physical functioning, role functioning, emotional well-being, and social interaction. These findings are consistent with prior research emphasizing the importance of asthma control in improving patient quality of life. The analysis showed that improvement in physical condition was associated with a lower likelihood of uncontrolled asthma, while improvement in general health was associated with an increased likelihood of uncontrolled asthma.
Conclusion.The obtained results emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the treatment of bronchial asthma, which includes not only pharmacological intervention but also consideration of patients’ psycho-emotional state. The implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies aimed at improving quality of life can significantly enhance treatment effectiveness and prevent the deterioration of patients’ condition. Further research into the relationship between disease control and the psychological aspects of life in patients with bronchial asthma is recommended to optimize clinical practice.

Relevance. Metabolic syndrome (MS), which encompasses a combination of non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia, causes patients to experience, among other things, psychoemotional stress due to the presence of vital fears and changes in the quality of life. Patients with metabolic syndrome complain not only of a somatic nature (shortness of breath, headaches, decreased exercise tolerance, unstable blood pressure, etc.) but also of a psychological profile, most of them are in a state of chronic stress, which generates emotional–affective and psychovegetative disorders.
Intention. To identify the psychological characteristics of patients with metabolic syndrome in order to improve the effectiveness of the developed programs in the process of treatment of methods of psychological correction and physical therapy.
Materials and methods. The study conducted on the basis of the private multidisciplinary clinic “SANAVITA Medical Center” involved 32 people, 8 men and 24 women aged 40 to 60 years with a confirmed diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The psychological state of people with this diagnosis was assessed to determine the expediency of additional use of psychological correction methods in the course of therapy and rehabilitation. The study sample was divided into 2 groups. With participants in the group 1 including 16 people in addition to the therapeutic effects performed on the participants in the group 2 (16 people), psychotherapeutic effects were performed using the method of Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy.
Results. The average profile of the components of the response to the disease of the study participants demonstrates the predominance among respondents of denial of the disease, “withdrawal” to work, as well as a harmonious attitude to the disease, readiness for treatment. There is a predominance of the “adaptive” disease response unit in the sample (50 % of the study sample). At the same time, 21.88 % of respondents belong to diffuse type 2, which includes apathy, anxiety, melancholia, hypochondria, sensitivity, egocentrism, paranoia and dysphoria. 9.38 % of the sample have diffuse type 1 and interpsychic types of response to the disease, including anxious, hypochondriac, neurasthenic, melancholic and apathetic response components. High scores on the scales of anxiety and depression were determined in patients before psychological correction in both groups. After conducting a group short-term psychocorrection program, it was found that among the patients of the group undergoing the psychocorrection program, after its completion, the level of depression and anxiety significantly decreased. In the group 2, changes in the values of the studied indicators were less pronounced.
Conclusion. The additional implementation of a short-term psychocorrective program using the method of Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy helps to optimize treatment and rehabilitation measures for patients, and the tactics of introducing this program into the rehabilitation process should be considered justified.

Relevance. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on numerous aspects of human life. Despite the WHO’s announcement in 2023 that COVID-19 is no longer a global health threat, the coronavirus continues to be an important part of the health care system. Quarantine measures are still being implemented in hospitals, and patients are being transferred to infectious disease wards. One of the key areas of ongoing research on COVID-19 is patient rehabilitation, including the restoration of cognitive functions, which are often impaired in post-COVID syndrome.
Intention. The aim of the work is to study the dynamics of memory performance in patients undergoing an inpatient medical rehabilitation program (stage 2) after acute COVID-19. In the presented paper, the studied indicators included short-term and long-term verbal memory, logical (semantic) memory.
Methodology. The study involved 104 patients examined 12–13 weeks after the onset of COVID-19. The study stages were: 1) psychodiagnostic examination upon admission to the hospital (before rehabilitation); 2) psychodiagnostic examination upon discharge from the hospital (after rehabilitation). The research methods included a structured interview to collect data on the demographic and psychosocial characteristics of patients, the verbal learning test “Learning a series of words” (“10 words”), the subtest “Logical memory (“Remembering stories”)” of the WMS-IV (Wechsler Memory Scale).
Results. Following the inpatient rehabilitation program, improvements were observed in shortterm and long-term mechanical memory, as well as logical memory. Statistically significant differences in cognitive functioning were identified between different age groups at both stages of the study.
Conclusion. The results can be used to enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and highlight the need for clinical psychologist involvement in the care of post-COVID patients.

Relevance. The relevance of the present study is determined by the global prevalence and high mortality rates associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), making this group of disorders one of the most pressing issues in global healthcare. Among all CVDs, ischemic heart disease (IHD) has the highest mortality rate. IHD is closely associated with older age, which further highlights the importance of studying this specific age group.
Objective. To investigate the factors of optimal aging in elderly patients with IHD complicated by myocardial infarction (ICD-10 codes I21 and I22), compared to a conditionally healthy sample of older adults.
Methodology. The following assessment tools were used: The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30), O.Yu. Strizhitskaya’s Questionnaire of Gerotranscendence Indicators (OGI), Wasserman’s “Semantic Differential of Time” technique (SDT), and the Russian Universal Questionnaire for Quantitative Assessment of Treatment Adherence (KOP-25).
Subjects. Elderly patients diagnosed with IHD complicated by myocardial infarction (I21 and I22). Results and Analysis. The following factors of successful aging were identified among elderly patients with IHD and myocardial infarction: primary vs. recurrent cardiac event (−10.716), perception of the future (−3.485), time since the initial (preceding) myocardial infarction (+1.335), level of depression (−0.994), perception of past time (−0.038), and psychological well-being (+0.088).
Conclusion. The main psychotherapeutic targets in working with elderly patients with IHD and myocardial infarction are the harmonization of future time perception and normalization of patients’ social functioning.

Relevance. Simulation technologies are widely used in medical education and practical healthcare. Performance of tasks on simulators is close to real working conditions of medical specialists and associated with high workload and personal distress, which can lead to adaptation difficulties manifested in psychological, physiological and humoral indicators.
Intention. The research is devoted to the study of interrelations and influences of psychological and physiological components of adaptation process in a stress situation in medical students.
Methodology. The study sample consisted of 32 students of medical specialties. The stress level was measured during the process of performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a simulator by recording electrocardiogram using a heart rate monitor chest strap Polar H10. Personality traits were assessed by the neurotic personality questionnaire KON-2006.
Results and Analysis. 5 factors explaining 67 % of the variance were extracted from the ECG by the method of exploratory factor analysis. A significant influence of a number of personality traits and preferred coping strategy on the process of physiologic adaptation to stress related to simulator work was revealed.
Conclusion. Scientifically-based psychological support of the educational process in the simulation center should take into account the preferred strategies used by students to cope with stress, and the possibility of their modification based on the personal traits of students.

Relevance. A high level of adaptation of students of higher educational institutions is required to ensure academic success, actively establish and maintain social ties, form new and expand previously acquired competencies. In addition to the standard requirements imposed by the environment on students of higher educational institutions, there are additional factors in the territory of the Lugansk People’s Republic that affect the effectiveness of social adaptation. This is primarily the formation of personality (the development of higher mental functions) in the context of two phases of active military conflict with a break for a frozen one. According to our research, the main factors contributing to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder among children and adolescents in the Lugansk People’s Republic include extreme stressors such as combat exposure, terrorist attacks, anticipation of further attacks, sudden death or severe injury of a relative or close friend, and witnessing serious injury or violent death.
Intention. To assess the pathopsychological characteristics of adaptability of students of Lugansk State Pedagogical University under conditions of prolonged stress.
Methodology. We have examined 124 students of Lugansk State Pedagogical University using a Multi-level Personality Questionnaire «Adaptability». The scales of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th levels were used to assess the condition of students. The indicators were evaluated on the following scales: maladaptation disorders, asthenic reactions and conditions, psychotic reactions and conditions, personal adaptive potential, behavioral regulation, communicative potential, moral normativity. All female subjects, aged 17 to 39 years, are undergraduate students of 1-4 courses or graduate students of 1-2 full-time courses.
Results and discussion. According to the testing results, two-thirds of the students demonstrated a low level of personal adaptive potential. Nearly half had a low level of behavioral regulation, and more than one-third showed low communicative potential. Over a quarter of the students exhibited pronounced maladaptive disturbances, while more than half had moderate adaptive issues. The prevalence of pronounced psychotic reactions and states was significantly lower than that of asthenic reactions (6.46% and 27.42%, respectively). In the moderately expressed range, psychotic reactions and states were more prevalent than asthenic ones (74.19% and 56.45%, respectively). The structure of personal adaptive potential and maladaptive disturbances varied across different years of study.
Conclusion. Given the results, it is necessary to develop psycho-pedagogical conditions for the harmonious development of students’ personal qualities in a prolonged stress environment, with the aim of fostering psychologically resilient individuals capable of withstanding contemporary social and political challenges.

Relevance. In recent years, the phenomenon of “depsychiatrization” has been increasingly discussed, referring to the tendency of psychiatry being gradually displaced by representatives of other medical specialties. Scholars attribute this trend to the low rate of patients seeking help from psychiatrists, which is largely due to the prevailing societal discrimination against individuals who utilize psychiatric services.
Intention. The purpose is to examine public attitudes toward mental disorders, psychiatrists, and psychiatry as a field, as well as to assess the public’s willingness to seek psychiatric care in the event of mental health disturbances.
Materials and methods. During the research, a specially developed “Questionnaire for studying the attitude of citizens to mental disorders and behavioral disorders” was used by the authors. A random sample of 1203 participants was formed to explore the research questions.
Results and conclusions. The study revealed two opposing social trends. On one hand, members of the urban population demonstrated an accurate understanding of the psychiatrist’s role and importance in treating mental disorders. On the other hand, there is a growing level of mistrust toward psychiatric services, largely fueled by widespread social fears and prejudice.

The article addresses the pressing issue of integrating contemporary scientific advances into the training of clinical psychologists, alongside a re-evaluation of traditional pathopsychological methods in light of recent research findings. 
Relevance. The authors highlight the urgent need for a profound reform of professional psychological education in order to align it with the principles of evidence-based medicine and cutting-edge international standards.
Intention. To substantiate the need to revise educational programs for clinical psychologists, to critically evaluate modern pathopsychological methods and to present alternative approaches.
Methodology: The paper provides a detailed critical analysis of the theoretical foundations and diagnostic tools of classical pathopsychology, revealing their conceptual and empirical misalignment with contemporary scientific models of mental pathology.
Results and Discussion. The authors conclude that a radical revision of both the content and teaching methods used in the education of clinical psychologists is required. This revision should be guided by principles of evidence-based practice, interdisciplinarity, and a focus on practically meaningful outcomes—namely, the provision of effective psychological care for individuals with mental disorders.
Conclusion. The article emphasizes the need to shift toward a biopsychosocial paradigm, which conceptualizes mental pathology as a complex, multi-level phenomenon necessitating comprehensive assessment of the full range of etiological and pathogenetic factors.

Relevance. The history of Russian medical (clinical) psychology, especially its pre-revolutionary stage, remains underexplored to this day. n the history of science, three groups of factors are traditionally distinguished as determining the formation and development of any discipline: sociocultural, subjectlogical, and personal. Explicating the features of the sociocultural context – including societal, political, economic, philosophical, and value-based determinants – provides deeper insight into the conditions under which a scientific discipline emerges and, consequently, helps explain its specific character. Relying solely on subject-logical and personal determinants would imply that science developed in a social vacuum – an assumption that is fundamentally flawed, as science is a social institution and an essential part of culture. The sociocultural conditions of the formation of Russian medical psychology remain poorly studied. This article is dedicated to addressing this gap.
Intention: to examine the relationship between the socio-historical, general scientific and socialhumanitarian, general psychological contexts of the formation of Russian pre-revolutionary medical (clinical) psychology and the specific features of this field as a scientific discipline.
Methodology. To achieve this goal, methods of systemic, complex, cultural and historical event analysis were used.
Results and analysis. The study identified and described the institutional, problem-focused, and philosophical-methodological conditions under which Russian medical psychology emerged. It is argued that the political polarization and philosophical debates of the early 20th century had minimal impact on the methodological positions of Russian medical psychologists. The authors support the view that only some of the scholars analyzed (e.g., V.M. Bekhterev, A.A. Krogius) can be considered materialists, and even then only in a methodological–not philosophical-ontological– sense. The study demonstrates that pre-revolutionary Russian medical psychologists diverged in their understanding of the subject matter of psychology. Among them were proponents of both the natural scientific approach (e.g., V.M. Bekhterev, A.A. Krogius) and the empirical approach (e.g., I.A. Sikorsky, A.F. Lazursky).
Conclusion. As a result of studying the socio-cultural contexts of the formation of domestic medical psychology in the pre-revolutionary period, a weak influence of socio-political conditions and a much stronger influence of the philosophy of science were revealed. Despite all the differences in understanding the subject of psychology, the common philosophical basis that united Russian medical psychologists of the period was positivism, since it was within its framework that the importance of empirical methods (observation, experiment) for obtaining truly scientific knowledge was postulated.