Introduction. This study is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the emotional state and severity of psychological distress in combatants participating in a special military operation who suffered psychological trauma during combat operations and were in the initial stage of medical rehabilitation after injury.

Objective. To examine the emotional state of this patient population to develop effective medical and psychological rehabilitation programs.

Methodology. The study utilized a combination of psychodiagnostic methods, including a clinical psychological interview, an analysis of affective disorders (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)), and an analysis of psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90). The sample consisted of 30 men aged 33–59 years (mean age 43 ± 6 years).

Results and analysis. The findings demonstrated that patients with severe injuries exhibited significantly higher levels of depressive symptoms at the initial stage of medical rehabilitation compared with patients with mild injuries and were at high risk of developing mental disorders requiring clinical intervention. It was also found that enlisted personnel were more vulnerable to the development of depression; mobilized servicemen demonstrated higher levels of psychological distress across all SCL-90 indicators; and commanding officers showed the highest levels of somatization and paranoid ideation (SCL-90), indicating a tendency toward elevated distress associated with increased responsibility.

Conclusion. The analysis suggests that objective parameters, such as injury severity and branch of service, may serve as reliable indicators for assessing the risk of psychological maladjustment already at the initial stage of rehabilitation. The findings have important practical implications for the development of differentiated medical and psychological rehabilitation programs for combatants, taking into account the identified psychological characteristics.

Relevance. In the context of special military operation, the incidence of severe combat injuries, including injuries to the external genitalia, has increased significantly. These injuries not only have physiological consequences but also have a profound psychotraumatic impact on the individual.

Such injuries are perceived as a threat to social and personal integrity, leading to existential crises, disruptions in self-esteem, gender identity, and life purpose. The consequences of orchiectomy, accompanied by hormonal, reproductive, and psychoemotional disturbances, are particularly acute.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the psychological consequences of external genital injuries in military personnel, to identify the characteristics of self-concept transformation, and to substantiate the need for personally oriented psychotherapy.

Study Organization and Methods. Based on a systematic analysis of clinical and scientific data, the results of applying the methods of D.A. Leontiev and Yu.M. Volobueva, as well as the concepts of M.Sh. Magomed-Eminov and V. Frankl, are examined. Particular attention is paid to the typology of self-concepts among combat veterans and the effectiveness of rehabilitation models for interacting with the wounded.

Results and analysis. It has been established that the key factor in the severity of psychological consequences is not the objective degree of loss, but its subjective interpretation in the context of future life. Four types of self-concept are identified: "Creative," "Consumer," "Destructive," and "Stuck," three of which are classified as disorganized. It has been shown that maintaining military identity during rehabilitation increases the likelihood of returning to duty by 14 times compared to the traditional "hospital" model.

Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the need to implement differentiated psychological assistance programs aimed at restoring subjectivity, the meaning of suffering, and the integrity of the self-concept in wounded service members. The proposed model can serve as a methodological basis for the development of psychocorrectional technologies in military and clinical psychology.

Relevance. The peculiarities of the manifestation of autoaggression in patients with affective and neurotic disorders have not been sufficiently investigated, and existing studies provide contradictory findings. A number of studies report an association between the severity of depression and autoaggression, indicating that high levels of depression are frequently observed in individuals engaging in self-injurious behavior. At the same time, other studies deny the connection betweendepression and autoaggression and argue that depression occurs in patients with self-injure not more often than in patients without self-harm.

Objective. To investigate the specific characteristics and manifestations of autoaggression in patients with depressive disorders.

Materials and methods. Using a set of psychodiagnostic methods (“STAXI Questionnaire”, “Suicide risk Questionnaire”, “Scale of causes of self-harming behavior”, “Diagnosis of socio-psychological adaptation”, “Diagnosis of interactive personality orientation”), 60 psychiatric hospital patients with depressive disorders were examined, divided into two clinical groups affective disorders (F30-F39) and neurotic disorders (F40-48). The nonparametric Mann-Whitney criterion is used as processing methods.

Results. Differences in the manifestations of autoaggressive behavior were identified between patients with depressive conditions belonging to the affective and neurotic disorder groups. Patients with depressive disorders within the affective disorder group were less likely to demonstrate aggression as a stable personality trait. In cases of self-injurious behavior, these patients more frequently reported the motive of influencing others as a means of expressing the intensity of their emotions. Within the context of social adaptation, they exhibited lower levels of self-acceptance and higher levels of emotional discomfort. Marginal orientation, characterized by impulsive behavior across various situations, was identified as one of the predominant personality orientations in this group.

Conclusion. Differences exist in the manifestations of autoaggression among patients with depressive conditions from the affective and neurotic disorder groups. These differences are reflected in the structure of social adaptation, the emotional-volitional sphere, and interactive personality orientation.

Relevance. Cardiovascular diseases currently represent the most prevalent and hazardous group of pathologies, leading to disability and mortality among the working-age population. An important factor in the effectiveness of hypertension treatment is the quality of the physician–patient relationship, which is largely determined by patients’ perceptions of and attitudes toward the physician.

Intention – assessment of the image of a doctor in patients with hypertension.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the private healthcare facility “Medical and Sanitary Unit” (Astrakhan, Russia). Data from 418 patients with essential hypertension were analyzed, including 215 women and 203 men, with a mean age of 45 ± 7.4 years. At the time of assessment, all patients were receiving inpatient treatment and were under the supervision of cardiologists and general practitioners. To assess the psychological characteristics and psychoemotional status of patients with hypertension, survey methods were used, specifically the following psychodiagnostic techniques: 1) KOP-25 “Quantitative Assessment of Treatment Adherence Questionnaire” (N.A. Nikolaev, Yu.P. Skirdenko); 2) T. Leary’s Interpersonal Relationships Test (adapted in Russian by L.N. Sobchik). The following methods were used for statistical processing of the empirical data: calculation of descriptive statistics parameters, linear correlation coefficient, and correlation analysis using Spearman’s rank correlation criterion. Statistical analysis of the study results was performed using the Statistica 22.0 software package.

Results. The analysis of the results led to the following conclusions: (1) the image of the real physician in patients with essential hypertension was characterized by friendliness toward others, a pronounced willingness to help, as well as a tendency toward dominance, leadership, and influencingothers. At the initial stage of the diagnostic and treatment process, the physician was perceived by patients as an attractive interaction partner; (2) the image of the ideal physician was characterized by friendliness, self-confidence, the ability to act as a competent mentor and organizer, leadership qualities, independence, and extraversion.

Conclusion. The study demonstrated that the characteristics of the perceived physician image may be associated with components of treatment adherence. A dominant style of interpersonal interaction showed a positive relationship with adherence to pharmacological treatment and medical follow-up. At the same time, dominance should be accompanied by a supportive attitude on the part of the physician and should not involve aggressive or hostile reactions.

Introduction. The assessment of somatic manifestations of stress occupies a central place in contemporary medical psychology. However, existing instruments provide only fragmentarily the physiological systems involved in the stress response, and a number of clinically significant symptoms – in particular, disturbances in muscle tone and immune manifestations – remain outside the scope of standard diagnostics. The development of a new polysystemic questionnaire offers opportunities for a comprehensive investigation of the structure and mechanisms of somatization, including its rarely analysed yet diagnostically important manifestations.

Objective. To conduct a large-scale pilot validation of the Questionnaire for Somatic Assessment of Stress Symptoms: primary psychometric validation (SOSS) in order to evaluate its psychometric properties and develop normative data.

Materials and Methods. The study involved 1,631 Russian-speaking respondents (59.2 % women, 40.8 % men) aged 19 to 70 years (median age – 35 years). Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s α, Guttman’s G6, and McDonald’s ωh and ωt coefficients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and correlation analysis with validated scales of stress (PSM-25), somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), anxiety (HAM-A), depression (Zung), resilience (BRS), and personality traits (FPI) were used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SOSS. Threshold values were determined by ROC analysis.

Results. The study confirmed high internal consistency of the questionnaire, its factor structure, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Threshold values were established enabling the classification of the level of stress somatization as low, moderate, and high.

Conclusions. The large-scale validation confirmed that the SOSS is a reliable and valid instrument for the comprehensive assessment of somatic manifestations of stress. Its key advantages – comprehensive coverage and the inclusion of specific markers (in particular, bruxism symptoms) – make it a valuable resource for specialists in clinical psychology, neurology, and dentistry. The questionnaire may be recommended for use in screening, diagnostic, and research purposes.

Relevance. The relevance of the study is determined by the complex of medical and psychological problems that arise in the situation of the birth of a child with a disease in the neonatal period. A woman’s psychological state becomes vulnerable due to the experience of acute emotional stress and the formation of persistent feelings of guilt and neurotic disorders. Medical care is primarily aimed at the physical health of the newborn, while the mother’s psychological state remains without significant support.

Objective. To investigate the dynamics of the psychoemotional state of women following the birth of children with disorders characteristic of the neonatal period (excluding embryopathies).

Methodology. The sample consisted of 86 women representing three groups: women whose pregnancies resulted in the birth of a child with a disease in the neonatal period, those with a history of perinatal loss (N = 30), those without a history of perinatal loss (N = 40), and 16 women whose children did not have clinically significant health problems. The study was conducted intwo stages: 7-10 days after birth in the neonatal pathology department of the Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital and 3 months after birth - online. The study used the following methods: “Clinical Questionnaire of Neurotic States”, “Perinatal Anxiety Screening Scale (PASS-R)”, “Parental Stress Scale”, “Parental Guilt Scale” (Guild About Parenting Scale) (D. Haslam, J. Finch, 2020). The following statistical processing methods were used: comparative analysis (nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test), correlation analysis (Spearman rank correlation coefficient), factor analysis using the principal components method with Varimax rotation.

Results and analysis. The findings demonstrated that women who had given birth to a child with a neonatal disorder and were assessed 7–10 days postpartum experienced acute stress, specific fears, and a tendency toward neurotic reactions. Three months after childbirth, the level of specific fears decreased. However, persistent feelings of guilt toward the child and dissatisfaction with oneself emerged as key factors in the development of neurotic depression.

Conclusion: The absence of a favorable reversal in emotional disturbances over time confirms the necessity of prolonged psychological support for mothers following the birth of a child with a medical disorder.

Relevance. In the practice of medical-psychological support for individuals with maladaptive states, a gap persists between the capabilities of in-depth diagnosis and the justification for choosing specific correction methods. Overcoming template-based and eclectic approaches requires the development of clear algorithms that link the structure of maladaptation with adequate intervention strategies.

The purpose of the study – to develop and justify, based on a systematic analysis of a series of the author’s own empirical works, the concept and a practical algorithm for differentiated medical-psychological correction, where the choice of strategy is determined by the results of primary diagnosis of the leading target of maladaptation.

Materials and methods. A qualitative meta-analysis and synthesis of data from previously published studies by the authors was conducted, involving a total of 292 participants. The studies included cohorts with maladjustment of various origins: patients with pain syndromes (n = 220), individuals with experience of repeated interpersonal violence (n = 51), individuals with occupational crisis (review), patients with dermatological diseases (n = 118), military personnel with burnout syndrome (n = 60), and patients with comorbid somatic diseases (n =32). The study method was a comparative analysis to identify stable patterns of “diagnosed parameter (target) – applied correction method.”

Results. Based on the identified patterns, a theoretical model and a three-stage algorithm for differentiated correction were developed. The model postulates the primacy of differential diagnosis, during which the leading pattern of maladaptation is identified (psychophysiological tension, dysfunctional cognitive schemas, maladaptive behavioral strategies). The algorithm prescribes the choice of a correction strategy affined to the identified target: methods of psychophysiological self-regulation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or socio-psychological training, respectively. The practical viability of the algorithm’s logic is confirmed by the positive correction results in the original studies, particularly the proven effectiveness of CBT for metabolic syndrome.

Findings. The proposed model serves as a tool for structuring the specialist’s clinical thinking and translating diagnostic data into a justified correction plan. The algorithm, synthesized from empirical data, provides a practical solution to the problem of the “diagnostic-therapeutic gap” and can form the basis for standards of evidence-based medical-psychological support.

Background. Ischemic stroke remains a significant medical and social problem due to its high prevalence, associated disability, and prolonged rehabilitation process. In this context, patient motivation plays a key role; however, the traditional approach aimed at increasing motivation requires reconsideration toward differentiated optimization taking into account the patient’s psychoemotional status.

Aim. To investigate the contribution of psychoemotional state to the formation of rehabilitation motivation in patients after ischemic stroke.

Methodology and object of research: using psychodiagnostic techniques, the motivation (questionnaire “Recovery locus of controle”) and the psychoemotional state (“Color Choice Method”) of 51 patients (52.9 % of men and 47.1 % of women, average age 58.8 ± 10.6 years) who were in inpatient rehabilitation for ischemic stroke no more than 1 year ago were studied. A comparative analysis was used.

Results. Patients with an optimal psychoemotional status demonstrated significantly higher motivation for rehabilitation, whereas the “Exhaustion” and “Overexcitation” groups showed statistically indistinguishable low levels of motivation despite the polarity of their emotional states.

Conclusion. The strategic goal of psychological support should be not to maximize, but to optimize motivation through differentiated correction of the psychoemotional state of patients. The scientific novelty of this study lies in elucidating the non-linear relationship between the level of motivation and the psychoemotional status of post-stroke patients.

Relevance. In the context of increasing psychoemotional stress, social instability, and the increasing number of individuals experiencing signs of psychological maladjustment, the problem of psychological rehabilitation is particularly important. Modern psychological science and practice require scientifically based and empirically tested rehabilitation programs aimed at restoring emotional balance, stress resilience, and adaptive resources.

Objective. The study aimed to provide an empirical evaluation of the effectiveness of a comprehensive psychological rehabilitation program designed to enhance psychological well-being, reduce anxiety, and increase stress resilience and adaptive potential.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted as part of a quasi-experimental longitudinal design with experimental and control groups. The sample consisted of 240 individuals aged 19 to 35 years with signs of psychological maladjustment. The experimental group (n = 120) completed a 10-week psychological rehabilitation program; the control group (n = 120) did not receive any rehabilitation intervention. Standardized methods for assessing psychological well-being, anxiety, stress resilience, and adaptive capacity were used as diagnostic tools. Statistical data processing was performed using Student’s t-test and analysis of variance.

Results. Participation in the psychological rehabilitation program was associated with a statistically significant increase in psychological well-being and a reduction in anxiety levels (p < 0.01), as well as improvements in stress resilience and adaptive potential. No significant changes in the studied indicators were observed in the control group, confirming the effectiveness of the targeted rehabilitation intervention.

Conclusions. The findings demonstrate the high effectiveness of the comprehensive psychological rehabilitation program and confirm its value as a tool for restoring personal and adaptive resources. The study expands current scientific understanding of psychological rehabilitation as a resourceoriented process and has practical implications for the organization of psychological support in educational, social, and rehabilitation settings.

Relevance. A certain degree of pre-examination anxiety is necessary for individuals to fully realize their abilities and demonstrate flexible and creative thinking rather than merely reproduce memorized knowledge. However, anxiety may escalate into examination stress, causing otherwise high-performing pupils or students to experience cognitive blocking during examinations, forget basic information, or make errors inconsistent with their actual level of competence. Such reactions are particularly characteristic of asthenic and emotionally labile adolescents. The challenge lies in ensuring psychological resilience and reducing the likelihood of examination stress in stressful testing situations. Although numerous methods and techniques have been proposed for the prevention of examination stress, many are either insufficiently effective in real-life stressful situations or require prolonged independent practice by the student, which may be difficult during periods of intensive examination preparation.

Purpose. To propose and evaluate an optimal psychocorrective (psychotherapeutic) technique for the prevention of examination stress capable of producing a positive effect within a short period of time, even in asthenic and emotionally labile schoolchildren or university students.

Methodology. Fading is a behavioral psychotherapy technique. Classically, the therapy consists of alternately showing the patient slides depicting the phobia and a calming image. This technique, in our modification, involves repeatedly transferring the student from a familiar situation to a stressful one during visualization, conducted within a hypnotic, heterotraining, or autogenic trance.

Object. The symptomatology of organic asthenic disorders is characterized by cerebral asthenia, cognitive impairment, autonomic-neurotic manifestations, and emotional-volitional instability. These features increase vulnerability to various stressors and necessitate a combined therapeutic approach incorporating both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions.

The results and their analysis. A clinical case of successful application of this technique to a ninthgrader suffering from organic emotionally labile (asthenic) disorder combined with dyscalculia is presented. This method fosters relaxed concentration and inner calm, ensuring an optimal level of emotional arousal for the student at the time of the exam, which contributed to a successful outcome.

Conclusions. As demonstrated in the presented clinical case, the modified fading technique showed high effectiveness in the prevention and psychotherapeutic management of examination stress, even in a patient with an initially weakened central nervous system.

Relevance. Psychological maltreatment experienced in childhood and adolescence has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of various mental disorders, including subclinical forms. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, which is involved in responding to stressors. Changes in HRV have been observed in patients withmental disorders and those with a history of trauma. However, the significance of HRV parameters in assessing subclinical psychopathology in young adults who have experienced psychological maltreatment remains poorly understood.

Intention. To examine heart rate variability as a transdiagnostic marker of the subclinical stage of mental disorders associated with psychological abuse experienced during childhood and adolescence.

Methodology. The study sample comprised 280 individuals (mean age 18.81 years) who had experienced psychological abuse during childhood and adolescence and had no diagnosed mental disorders at the time of assessment. The study employed cardiorhythmography, standardized psychometric testing, and mathematical-statistical methods of data analysis.

Results and discussion. Young adults exposed to psychological abuse demonstrated dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system characterized by predominance of sympathetic activity and reduced capacity for parasympathetic regulation. These alterations were directly associated with higher levels of subclinical psychopathological symptoms.

Conclusion. HRV parameters may be considered transdiagnostic markers of subclinical manifestations of mental disorders, particularly in populations exposed to psychological abuse during childhood and adolescence.

Relevance. The treatment of morbid obesity is a complex and lengthy process that requires constant medical and psychological support for patients. Bariatric surgery is the main method of treating morbid obesity, which indicates the need for responsible treatment of patients and strict adherence to the recommendations of doctors on an ongoing basis. A multidisciplinary approach and psychological support of the patient in the pre- and postoperative period can have a positive impact on the adaptation of patients to physiological and psychological changes in the postoperative and rehabilitation periods.

Intention: to determine the prevailing type of eating behavior and personal characteristics of patients with morbid obesity in order to identify the relationship with a high level of compliance and subsequent characterization of the psychological portrait of patients with high treatment commitment.

Methodology. The study sample included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of morbid obesity during their hospital stay. The study of patients with morbid obesity was conducted using clinical, psychological and experimental psychological methods. The obtained data was processed using the STATISTICA 6.0 program to determine the relationships between the indicators, the Pearson coefficient was used.

Results and their analysis: the results of the study indicate the presence of correlations such as attitudes to the disease, personality traits and the current state of health of patients with a high level of compliance.

Conclusion: the results obtained underline the importance of using a multidisciplinary approach, which must include psychological support during different periods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients after bariatric surgery in order to successfully adapt to changes in the body and further lifestyle.